Light transmission intelligence displaying and response recording machine



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Dec. 29, 1964 Flled Dec 2, 1960 /I I I I I l u n l I I I n I I I I n I II I I I I I I I n I I I l I n I I I u u I I I I I I I I n I n I I I I II u INVENTOR Myron y Woolmon, PhD

ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN 3,152,959

LIGHT TRANSMISSIGN INTELLIGENCE DISPLAYING AND RESPONSE RECORDINGMACHINE Filed Dec. 2, 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 www WH Hull INVENTOR MyronWoolmcxn PhD ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN LIGH'I` TRANSMISSIONINTELLIGENCE DISPLAYING AND RESPONSE RECORDING MACHINE 7 Sheets-Sheet 3Filed DeC. 2. 1960 INVENTOR Myron Woolmon, PhD.

ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN 3,162,959

LIGHT TRANSMISSION INTELLIGENCE OISPLAYING ANO RESPONSE RECORDINGMACHINE Myron Woo|mun,Ph.D

ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN 3,162,959

LIGHT TRANSMISSION INTELLGENCE DISPLAYING AND RESPONSE RECORDING MACHINE2, 19Go 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed DSC.

O O 2 4 O 2 information Web INVENTOR Myron WoolmGn,PhD

BY t5 ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN 3,152,959

LIGHT TRANSMISSION INTELLGENCE DISPLAYING AND RESPONSE RECORDING MACHINEFiled Dec. 2, 1960 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR Myron Woolmon,PhD

ff y. BY JI? Dec. 29, 1964 M. wooLMAN 3,162,959

- EIGHT TRANSMISSION INTELLIGENCE OISPLAYINO ANO RESPONSE RECORDINGMACHINE Filed Dec. 2, 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 INV ENT OR Myron Woolmon,PhD

ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,162 959 LIGHT TRNSMSSION ITELLIGENCEDESPLAY- ING AND RESPNSE RECORDING MACH-INE A Myron Woolman, 2306 38thSt. NW., Washington 7, DC. Filed Dec. 2, 1960, Ser. No. 73,296 41Claims. (Cl. 35-9) This invention pertains to a machine andmodifications thereof for teaching by displaying a programmed sequenceof intelligence or information through a light transmitting material andfor recording upon a blank web of material responses of the operator ofthe machine for the purpose of training and education etc. The uses ofthis invention fall generally into the categories of teaching machinesand record keeping machines.

In relation to the first use of the machine, i.e., the teachingfunction, it is the primary object of this invention to provide ateaching machine which is an inexpensive and simple compact unit whichmay be used in conjunction with properly programmed sequences of learingmaterial to quickly teach a student learner necessary names, locations,functions and relationships within a given 'field of study as well as toequip him with the necessary concepts for manipulating material in thatfield to useful ends.

This object is accomplished by utilizing in the present machineinformation and interrogatory material which is so sequenced throughpsychological planning that the student must follow an effectivelearning procedure in using the machine in accordance with instructions.

Modern technology with its emphasis on technical skill requires moreeicient teaching techniques. The use of machines to facilitate thelearning processes promises to provide higher rates of learning,increased understanding and greater economy in the teaching ofinformation yand skills. Also, the learner is freed to learn at his ownrate of speed rather than to maintain the pace set by his class orinstructor. Due to the fact that individual students vary in the amountof material they can learn in a given period of time where students aregrouped, as in the typical classroom, faster learners must reduce theirpace, while slower learners must proceed at higher rates of speed thanis best for their learning eiciency. This diiculty is overcome by theuse of the present individual machines which free each student to movethrough the sequence of lessons at his own rate of speed providing hemeets a designated performance standard such as 90% or higher on thematerial learned to that point.

It is, therefore, another purpose of this invention to provide ateaching machine which may be economically provided for each of thestudents in particular classes of study so that each student mayprogress through the material at a rate of learning compatible with hisexperience, capacity and interest. Thus, the more well endowed studentswill be permitted to move ahead to more advanced materials while theless well endowed students or less experienced students will have agreater opportunity to absorb learning information in relationship totheir capacities, backgrounds and demonstrated competence.

It is another purpose to provide a teaching machine by which thelearners perceptual eld is restricted at any one time to the amount andkind of material designed or programmed to facilitate student learning.This machine permits the presentation of learning materials in smallreadily digestable amounts as opposed to lecture and text bookpresentation which do not control the factor of the size of theperceptual field. This material is generally presented in one of twomanners; presentation of information to be comprehended followed byinterrogatory presentations which require the student to respond inrecorded form.

In present classrooms a great part of the teaching time 3,l62,959Patented Bec. 29, 1964 ICC is directed to the verbal presentation ofinformation by the teacher.y The students are largely passive receiversof information. In a machine teaching program each student activelyresponds in recorded form as much as two times eachl minute. Eachstudent is successively assimilating and actively responding. As theresponse activity of the learner is an important determinant oflearning, this process facilitates understanding of the materialpresented while freeing the teacher from the chore of verbalizingessentially the same information to class after class. This reduction inthe chore of verbalization permits the teacher to concentrate onimproving weaker students, developing new exercises and extending therange of student understanding.

It is, therefore, another object of this invention to provide a teachingdevice for individual student use which will free the instructors fromthe necessity of constant presentation of new material so as to providethe instructors with additional time and energy to assist and supportthelearning of individual students, particularly weaker students.

It is also a function of this invention to provide a teaching machinewhich will allow responses to various interrogatory stimuli to berecorded upon a blank web of writing material and then to have theseresponses immediately compared to the programmatically correct answerwhich is also integrated into the programmed sequence of interrogationsso that the student has the benefit of immediately knowing whether ornot his response to the question propounded in the interrogatory phaseis corrector incorrect. This immediate feedback provides the opportunityto compare answers with the programmatically correct answers.Informational feedback is one of the important aforementioneddeterminants of the learning process and has been shovm to improvelearning.

In accordance with the invention the programmed sequence of information`and interrogatories is recorded on photographic ilm or upon a re-usableweb of paper or like material. This intelligence is transmitted by alight source onto the undersurface of a blank writing web upon which thestudent yrecords his responses to such intelligence transmittedtherethrough. The blank web is arranged over a light transmittingintelligence viewer plate which serves as a writing surface. In this waya programmed sequence of interrogatories may be completed by the studentlearner as if he were reading printed materials and answering questionsby recording responses in order to learn the particular presentedsubject matter. However, the necessary printing costs, inherent in theprior art due to the fact that the printed web of material onto whichthe student writes his answer is not re-usable, are eliminated due tothe fact that the student only writes upon a blank web of materialrather than the web of material containing the intelligence itself.

The prior art in teaching machines shows that the intelligence orinterrogatories `are written upon a sheet of paper upon which thestudent records his responses and therefore must be thrown away at theend of each using and therefore necessarily incurs greater cost thandoes the present re-usable programmed sequence of material. Theseteaching machines are represented by U.S. patents to Skinner 2,846,779and Fernbach 2,837,839.

Some of the prior teaching machines overcome the difficulty of having toprint all of the intelligence upon a web which is then discarded due tothe fact that the student learners responses were recorded thereupon byproviding devices such as shown in Mills 2,401,434 in which the answersare indicated by a number of buttons which are operated to select amultiple choice answer. y

The difficulty with this type of machine is that the student cannotconstruct meaningful written answers in his own words; multiple choiceoptions restrict student re'- sponses to those provided by theprogrammer and are necessarily limited in scope and numbers.

Theuse o f such-operator buttons for recording re'- sponses to questionsposed or information given rather than recording the desired answerVdirectly on the webV gives rise to asurrogate response, i.e., a responsewhich is a substitute for the real answer. The use of such surrogateresponses requires the student learner to give some answer other thanthe one which is actually called for and produces a situation in whichresponses are artiiicial rather than organic to the materials beinglearned.

Where surrogates are written, i.e., numerals or symbols, and are used torelate the question and answer parts of a teaching interrogatory; thesymbols become surrogate responses which substitute for the trueresponse and Vas the student Writes the surrogate symbol the learning of the true response isV less eicient as the final action of the learnerrelates to the substitute or surrogate response and adds an additionalstep in which the surrogated and basically meaningless response issubstituted for the actual response. V Y

Therefore, it is another object to presenta teaching machine` by whichthe respondent may answer questions meaningfully within the image of thequestions themselves, so that the relationship is intrinsic and thelearners answer is organic to the question and does not involve thedistraction of a surrogate response. Thus, itxis possible by the presentmachine to present intelligence and information in the form of sentencesand paragraphs of Written material in which certain terms, symbols andforms 'are omittedy from the material thereby creating blanks. Thisusage is particularly vital for such purposes as labeling the componentsof a diagram or picture shown on the intelligence.

The student then responds directly on the web and completes the diagramor sentence in accordance with his own skills and knowledges. He thusconstructs the answer by inserting his own terms, symbols or drawings.This material is on Vthe web and may be used to evaluate the studentsprogress and diagnose his weaknesses. As 'the studentV is constructinghis ownv answers, sources of confusion are revealed by the studenthimself in contrast with multiple choice methods in which the studentspossible responses are assigned by others. Thus more sensitive andpenetrating diagnostic techniques may be used to locate studentdiculties where the student is freed to construct his own responses andwrite them directly on theweb. A

It is, also, an object of this invention vto provide control over thelevel of learning so that the weaknesses of each student may b ecorrected by having the student repeat all or part of the sequences ofthe material covered when performance evaluations `showI that hiscomprehension of the material has dropped below a prescribedstandardThis object is readily accomplished by providing a machine in whichparts of scientifically sequenced learning material may be reused bystudents where performance standards `have not been met.

Another very obvious advantage is that these programmed sequences can beduplicated on film very inexpensively and therefore provide a greaterVnumberA of students with rse benefit of the vimpr-wed teaching tecaniqueresultant from the present invention at a cost which every school systemor national government could afford for its students. This particularadvantage' would have merit not only in this country but also in many.of Ythe underdeveloped countries where lack of educationis one of themajor factors contributing to lack of progress and politicalinstability.

In the interrogatory step of the programmed sequence of teachingmaterials, supra, it is deemed essential that the machine be capable ofallowing the student learner to write his answer to the interrogatoryupon the blank writing web so that for all practical purposes it appearsthat he is writing within the printed material when making hisresponses. Also in connection with the interrogatory step, theprogrammed sequence of teaching material may have the programmaticallycorrect answer to the question set forth on the sequence in such amanner that the student must operate the machine in order to View theanswer to the question and that by so operating the machine he advanceshis own answer into the machine so that the teaching machine isvirtually cheat-free.

It. is, therefore, another object of this inventionrto provide ateaching machine which allows. the student to record an answer Ato aquestion propounded to and then View the programmatica'll'y correctanswer` after his own answer to the question has been reeledinto theinachiner so that heV cannot change the same. This'l'object of theinventionallows the teaching machine Vto utilize eifectively one of thevery valuable determinants of the teaching process, i.e., exposure tothe correct answer to a question immediately after writing an answer`toy that question so that the student is either lcorrected by theprogram'- matically correct answer sov that he does not carry his errorforward in his future learning, or his response is psychologicallyreinforced when his answer corresponds to the programmatically correctanswer. A

It another object of this inventionto provide a teaching machine of thetype described which is particularly adapted to the purpose of havingthe respondent respond to intelligence or information displayedrby themachine by setting forth his responses thereto by the use of atypewriter or other keyboar'dztype of printer. It is also,l a furtherspecific object ofv this invention to provide a teaching machine of thetype adapted to utilize the necessary determinants ofthe teachingprocess for teaching the respondent or `student learner operating suchmachine to operate this type of equipment with a higher degree of skilland to accomplish this degree of skill in fa shorter period of time thanis now possible by present teaching techniques. Keyboard devices as herereferred to are intended to c'o've'r any digital pressure operateddevices such as, pianos, organs, typewriters, stenotyping machines,Vliriotype kmachines, IBMV machines and card operatingV machinery,r

- varityping machines, teletype machines, etc.

The use of the present machines for such purposes-as record keeping andthe like is easily accomplished by replacing the Vprogrammed sequenceo'i material with the outlines. of various forms to be completedf Such ause of the present machine may be illustrated by using a photographiccopy of a standard W-2 income tait form for the employees in anindustrial organization. Such a photographic copy may be produced byincluding within the projector means a camera means which will allowVthe standard form to be light recorded upon the photographic sensitivefilming, which in turn may be used to shadow transmit the form image. VThe form when recorded upon the photographic hlm would be proiected bymeans of a photographic projector onto the undersurface of the blankwriting web of material and the informationnece'ssary to be recordedupon those forms then written directly upon the blank web of material ofthe positions corresponding to the blanks on the image form. Forlarge'numbers of employees in such an organization all of theinformation required onv thesekforms couldV easily be storedin arelatively few number of rolls of blank material with'- out all of the-unnecessary printing and extra paper being present in the tiles inwhich this information is stored.V To obtain information on an employeesform it would only be necessary to re-install the image of the properformin the machine and then select the proper reel' frame number to s'eewhat information is recorded for a particular employee. It is herepointed out that the previous example is exemplary only and there would,of course, be an inlinite number of possibilities as to the types offorms Vwhich could be set forth in this` manner S and the information tobe filled in through recording upon a blank writing web.

It is a particular object of this invention to provide a recordingmachine and system whereby it is unnecessary to store recorded materialupon forms for each of the entries represented by the informationrequired by said forms.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a keyboard variationof the aforementioned recording machine which is used with speciallyprogrammed forms in response to which the respondent operator recordsentries called for by the form upon a specially designed blank sheet. n

Thus the keyboard variation of the present machine may be employed for ateaching function or for a record keeping function or for a keyboardskill teaching function.

These and other objects and advantages of this invention will becomeapparent from the following description and claims. In the accompanyingdrawings which illustrate by way of example various embodiments of thepresent invention:

FIGURE 1 shows a mechanically operated modification of the presentteaching machine in which the electrical system is designed to bebattery powered;

FIGURE la is a schematic diagram of a modified structure of the FIGURE lmachine;

FIGURE 2 illustrates a modification of the teaching machine of FIGURE 1wherein rather than photographic film being used for theprogrammedvsequence of teaching material there is a transparent web ofmaterial used for presenting the program;

FIGURE 2a represents an alternative to the use of a blank writin g webFIGURE 3 shows a second modification of the teaching machine of FIGURE 1wherein there is combined with the necessary elements of the teachingmachine further automatic elements so that the electrically poweredmachine contains a synchronous control for the elements and includes anaudio system for instructing the student;

FIGURE 4 shows a compact modification of the teaching machine shown inFIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 shows Van enlarged fragmentary top plane view of the writingsurface of the teaching machines of FIGURES 3 and 4;

FIGURE 5a shows a cross sectional enlarged fragmentary view of theoperating switches of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 6 illustrates an enlarged cross sectional view of thewriting-surface and information viewing plate taken along the line 6 6of FIGURE 5 and looking in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a modification of thepresent teaching machine wherein a typewriter is incorporated into themachine;

FIGURE 8 is a front plane view, a portion being broken away, of thespecially designed roller of FIGURE 7;

FIGURE 9 illustrates an enlarged cross sectional view of the speciallydesigned roller of the typewriter teaching machine taken along the line9 9 FIGURE 8and viewed in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE l0 is fragmentary showing of a modification of the teachingmachine of FIGURE Y7 in which no template is necessary;

FIGURE 1l illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional View of the speciallydesigned roller of the machine taken along the line 11-11 of FIGURE 10,viewed in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE-12 shows a fragmentary section of another modification of thetypewriter variation shown in FIG- URE 7;

FIGURE 13 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the roller of themodification shown in FIGURE 12 teken along the line 13-13 and viewed inthe direction of the arrows;

FIGURE 14 illustrates a fully `automatic variation of .6 the statictemplate of the modification shown in FIG- URE 7;

VFIGURE 15 shows an enlarged cross sectional view of the roller on theline 11S-I5 of the roller in FIGURE 14 viewed in the direction of thearrows;

FIGURE 16 shows a side view of the powering means for the automaticvariation of the machine of FIGURE 14 in fragmentary cross section;

FIGURE 17 illustrates a fragmentary cross sectional View of the poweringmeans taken on the line I7-I'7 of FIGURE 16 and viewed in the directionof the arrows.

Fundamental Teaching Machine Referring now to the drawings for adetailed description of the teaching machine, FIGURE l shows a portableand manually operated teaching machine. A compact housing structure lilis provided for enclosing the essential elements necessary for theoperation of the teaching machine. One of these elements consists o-f asingle frame intelligence projector I2 which may be converted to amoving type projector by means mentioned hereafter. This photographic orintelligence projector is arranged in the housing in an opening and isretractable for changing the photographic lm by means of the handle I4.The image produced by the projector I2 is reflected from a reflectingsurface I6 onto the undersurface of `an information view plate I8 whichis retained immediately under aperture 2) by brackets 22. The brackets22 are of a construction which will allow the removal of the web alongone side thereof. This information viewer plate 1S may be constructed ofany material which has the characteristic of being transparent to lightrays a sufficient degree so that line images presented by the projectedbeam are not diffused or distorted by the viewer plate. Such substancesas clear plastic, glass, or natural crystalline substances meet thisrequirement.

Brackets 22 are so placed with respect to the undersurface of theinclined writing surface 24 of the housing structure I@ so that a blankweb of writing material 26 may pass between the information viewer plate18 and the undersurface of the inclined writing surface 24. This blankweb may be constructed from any recording material such `as paper,plasticized fiber, plastic or the like.

The blank web of writing material is unrolled from reel 28 onto reel34B. This latter reel 30 is integrally connected by one end thereof to amechanical gearing system such as apa'wl and ratchet wheel arrangementor a rack `and pinion gearing system or the like. For purposes ofillustration a pawl and ratchet wheel arrangement 32 is shown inFIGURE 1. The pawl 34 is spring biased outwardly and is pivotallyconnected by a pivotal connection 36 to a lever arm 33 which is rigidlyconnected to the flange or reel 3Q. The ratchet wheel has internallypositioned teeth and is rotatably mounted upon its center axis withrespect to the inside surface of housing structure It) and its axis isaligned with theiaxis of reel 30.

This pawl and ratchet wheel mechanical connection means is motivated bya rack and pinion arrangement 42. The pinion of gearing system 42 isintegral with the ratchet wheel 37 and may be cut from the same piece ofmaterial so that the pinion gearing is on the outer edge of the wheeland the ratchet teeth are on the inside of the wheel. The rack 44 ispositioned to slide upwardly and downwardly parallel with the topmostsurface of the inclined writing surface 24. This rack is provided withan operator handle 46 for manual operation of the mechanism by thestudent learner.

Connected integrally with rack 44 Iis an information restricter plate 48which is generally rectangular in configuration and has an informationviewing opening 5l) positioned therein and also is provided with a loweranswer restricting portion 52.

When the information restricter plate 48 is in the posi- 7 tion shown inFIGURE l the student learner may view the/information which is projectedfrom the projector 12, reiiected from surface 16, onto the undersurfaceof Vihforination viewer plate 1S and 4through writing webV 26. Thisinformation is seen by the student through the information viewingopening Si) and he may then record his responses to the blanks in thematerial so projected upon the writing web. The student then is ready tomove to the next frame of sequenced material,l however, he ist has anopportunity to View the programmatically "correct answerY to theinterrogatoriesposed. The answer to the interrogatories may betranscribed on the lower portion of the frame in the photographedsequence of material on which the interrog'atory is also transcribed.This answer is hidden from the student learners View by informationrestricting portion 52. By moving the operator handle 4'6 upwardly theratchet mechanism is caused to positively drive the blank writing webreel 3? by means Vof the rack and pinion mechanism 42. As the studentthen 'pushes the operator handle upwardly across the inclined writingsurface 24, the portion of the blank writing web upon which he has setforth his answer to the interrogatory posed is reele'd onto the upperreel 35), thus preventing the student from changing his answer. As hemoves the plate upwardly the information restricting portion 52 alsomoves upwardly and thus uncovers the programmatically correct answerwhich was restricted from his vision thereby. On the return motion ofthe information restricter plate 4S a portion thereof is caused tooperate a contact 54 of switch 56 which actuat'e's pro'- jector 12 toadvance theprogrammed sequence of material to the next frame. As lthesequence of programmed material is presented to the 'student it maybecome necessary to show the student a sequence 'of 'frames in a movingframe manner so that motion of objects or a series of changes in aprocess may be presented. For this purpose the photographic iiimsequence itself may be marked in some manner so that when the markedportions of the hlm contacts a member within projector 12 theprojectoris caused toV operate automatically until the required sequence offrames has been shown and then is reverted to frame sequence operation.By having .projector 12 op- 8 and a sprocket wheel contacting theseholes to move the web by the wheel.

Itrfwill be noted that the teaching machine shown in FIGURE l which isbattery powered, and entirely portable is particularly advantageous foruse in underdeveloped countries wherein electric power is as yet largelyunavailable. Y Y Y Y It is also to be noted that the informationrestricting plate 48 may be formed in any configuration with respect tothe informationv viewing vplate 18 and the inclined writing surf-ace 24so that a suitable and comfortable writing surface may be presented forthe student and the blank writing web 26 may be presented to the studentat the upper most surface of the inclined writing surface 24 rather thanat a lower position as shown. The top plan view of the inclined writingsurface 24 will be further discussed in relation to FIGURES 5 and 6.

An alternate construction of the basicV components of the fundamentalteaching machinershown in FIGURE l is thatarrangement'illustrated inFIGURE la. 1n this arrangement a light source S propagates light(illustrated by arrows) 4up'on'the blank writing web 2d. As the studentrecords'his responses thereupon the image of these responses is shadowYor opaque transmitted bythe light through a suitable opticalarrangement 62.'

Included within this optical arrangement is a projector which projectsthe images of the programmedrmaterials.

The images of the students responses and the presented material arecombined within the arrangement 62 and projected o'nto the undersurfaceof the viewer plate 18. Thus by properly positioning his writing uponthe writing web 26 the student may view through plate 18 his responsescorrectly integrated with the stimulus presented. Arrangement 62 has 'aconnected switch 59, as does projector 12 of FIGURE 1. Such aVcombination of ima-ges may be accomplished by a standard type opaqueprojection device in combination with a shadow transmitting i web or-tilm such as shown in US. Patent 2,553,903, to

era'te only after the information restricting plate '48 has beenreturned to rest position the interrogatory of the next frame is notviewable by the student so that he might have time to change his 'answeror to :see the answer Ito 'the next 4interrogatory before the answerrestricting .portion 52 covers that portion of the information Viewing'plate 18 through which the answer to ysuch interrogatories istransmitted.

The projector of the teaching machine shown in FIG- URE 1 is designed tob e battery powered so vthat it is an entirely portable unit. Thebatteries are situated within projector 12 Vso 'that they may be changedwhenever neceslsary at the 'same time the film is being placed withinprojector 12. Projector 12 may be of any size and for very compactarrangements should use 8 mm. `nlm ror less, e.g. micro film sizes. A nylight propagation 'source control means which is adapted `'tocontrolling ythe light source -for presentation `of intelligence may beused; e.g. video-'tape operated camera projectors. Also, closed or VopenTV circuits could be used to roperate such Vprojectors.

The housing 1li may be provided with an opening arrangement so that theblank writing web 26 may be 'changed when necessary and taken outfor'evaluation purpos'es. Such an opening arrangement maybe provided byhinging a portion of the housing with a'hing'e snchas S8 and thencausing the hinged portion to be pivotal about the hinge by lifting ahandle 60. The reels of web material may be arranged within the housing16` for easy installation and removal, such as a cartridge-type reelwhich may be 'self threaded across the information viewer plate. Suchthreading may be easily'accomplished by providing web tracks andsprocket holes within the web Dufour, FIGURE. 4. The writing web 26corresponds to element `5, while the arrangement 62 corresponds toelements 12, 13, 14.

The components of this alternate construction may be housed in asuitable housing 63 such as V10 of FIGURE 1 and the constructionpresents many of the same advantages as does the macln'ncof that ligure.Housing may have a hinge means '64 for opening the same 'and a handle 65as in 'FIGURE `1. Arsimilar information restrictcr plate '66 isslide'ably' positioned on the upper portion of the housing and has 'alike `Iinforrriation restricting portion 57 amxed to the lower partthereof. The rack and pinion arrangement '68 operates the feed reelV forWriting web 25 Vthrough a belt 69, as yFIGlRi 2. Y The -light source Sand the opaque projector land intelligence 'presenting arrangement 62are connected to va common electric supply E. s

Modified Fundamental Teaching Machine `Referring .to FGURE 2, rtheteaching machine shown therein vis a variation of the 4teaching machineof -FIG- URE 1 in that the intelligence or 'information of theprogrammed sequence of material is recorded upon an `information webwhich vis positioned by rollers r7-2i-to slide across the surface ofinformation viewer plate 74.

The blank writing web '76 is positioned by means of rollers 78 withrespect tothe information viewer plate 'so Vthat'the student learners'responses may be recorded upon the writing web 76 in response to theinterrogatories posed bythe information lrecorded lupon the infomationVweb 70. A light source 82 is 'providedimmediately below the informationviewer plate '74 so that the Vintelligence recorded upon web mmaybetra'nsmitted through the blank'writingweb into the viewof the studentlearner. It is to 'be noted that the information web 7i) maybepositioned on either side ot the information lviewer 'plate 7 4.

p n ieaese The blank writing web '76 is designed to be unreeled fromreel 84 onto reel 86 whereas the infomation web 70 is designed to beunreeled from reel 88 onto reel 9i). Both reels 86 and 99 may be drivenin much the same manner as is shown in FIGURE 1, i.e., ratchet and pawlmechanisms or by comparable mechanical linkages so that they are poweredto reel in their respective Webs either at the same rate or atdifferential rates. Information restricter plate 92 is provided which isconnected by a spring linkage system (not shown) to answer restrictingplate 94 so that as plate 92 is slid downwardly plate 94 is iirst movedinto its covering position. The information restricter plate is mountedwithin guides 96 for reciprocable movement and is provided with anoperator handle 98 for reciprocating the same. The answer restrictingplate 94 is positioned on the undersurface of information viewing plate74 so that the student will not be hindered by having a memberprotruding from the inclined writing surface Sti.

The driving mechanism for the two reels 86 and 90 is a rack and piniongearing system 160. Rack 102 is integrally connected with a portion ofthe information restricter plate so that upon operation of the handleoperator 98 rack 102 is caused to move over the teeth of pinion gear 104which is rotatably mounted within the machine housing. A cable drum 106is provided on one side of the pinion gear 104 so that powertransmission cables 168 and 11G may be mounted thereupon. Cable 108 isasingle loop pulley cable having the other end wound about a pulley 112which is rotatably mounted within the machine housing. On the inner edgeof pulley 112 are ratchet teeth 114 which provide reaction surfaces forthe pawl 116 which is pivotally mounted and outwardly spring biased uponthe flange of reel 86 so that as the rack 102 is moved across the pinionteeth of pinion gear 104 the power cable 108 is moved so as .to causethe reel 86 to wind up the web of material 76. The mechanism of reel 90works in the same manner as does the mechanism described for reel 86.Except that reel 90 reels the information web 70 onto the reel duringthe return motion of the rack 162 which action is provided by a doubleloop cable 11G. Thus, new information is not brought into studentsvision until he has completed the answer to the interrogatory posed bythe previous frame in the sequence of material and has had anopportunity to view the programmatical answer by sliding the n answerrestricting plate 94 upwardly which simultaneously reels his recordedresponse to the information under the information restricting plate 92.

A similar hinged opening as in FIGURE l may be provided in the machinehousing as shown by hinge 118 and handle 126. This machine has many ofthe advantages that the teaching machine of FIGURE 1 presents in that itis compact, economically manufactured, portable, and allows reusableWebs of sequenced programmed materials to be used interchangeably inmany machines, and also presents the factor of being less expensive toproduce in that a compact lm projector is not required for operation ofthe machine so that all that is necessary is a source of electricalpower for operation of the light source 82, such as a battery source 83.Also as no photographic film is required for the machines operation asthe pro- Y gramrned sequence of material may be printed upon a web ofsuch material as paper and reused so as to effect the economic savingsinherent in the use of the present machine.

It should be noted that the reel supports in all of these teachingmachines may be spring biased so that the reels of writing webs orinformation webs may be easily removed and replaced within the machine.

As an alternative to using a disposable web of Writing material forresponse recordation an erasable endless belt 122 may be provided asshown diagrammatically in FIG- URE 2a.

The belt consists of two layers and is supported by rollers 123 and 124.The outer layer 125 is a light transmitting substance of Celluloid orother plastic. The inner belt 126 is constructed of similar material buthas strips of wax or petroleum compounds deposited thereon so that thestudent when he presses a stylus downwardly upon the outer layer pressesthe same into adhering contact `with the waxed portions and allows thestudent to view his responses as impressions. As the student uses themachine with this endless belt included therein the two belts areseparated by a wedge 127 from their adhering contact to thereby preparethem for later use. The wax is applied in strips where it is opaque butmay be continuous if it is light transmitting.

This alternative, of course, does not permit a permanent record of theresponses so that the use is most effective when restricted to studentswho are capable of progressing through the program unaided andunchecked.

Automatic T eac/ting il/Iachne Variation Referring now to FIGURE 3, theteaching machine shown therein is designed to have included in themechanism an automatic powering means for the blank writ ing web reeland is also equipped to have sequential op eration of the projector andto have included audio equip( ment for giving auditory instructions andinformation to the student learner. A desk type housing 131B is providedin which is contained a photographic projector 132, auditory equipment134, a motor 136 for powering the blank writing web reel 138, and asynchronizing'unit 14@ which also functions as the power intake anddistribution device. As internal mounting means 142 may be provided forhousing the auditory equipment 134 and the motor 136. The auditoryequipment is provided with a loudspeaker 144 mounted within the housing130.

An information viewing plate 146 is provided on the undersurface of theinclined writing'surface 148 of the housing structure 136 and ispositioned within opening 1511 so that blank writing web 152 may bereeled across the upper surface of the information view plate 146. Theinformation viewer plate is supported within the housing 136 by brackets154 which have inclined surfaces 156 for slidably engaging the blank webof writing material 152. The blank web is unreeled from reel 158 ontopreviously mentioned power driven reel 138 which is powered from motor136 through power chain or belt 159.

An information restricting plate 160 is positioned within guides 162upon the inclined writing surface 148 and along the opposite edgesthereof are a pair of linkage rods 164 slidably mounted which connectthe information viewer plate with the answer restricting plate 166 whichis supported for slidable movement in a bracket 168. The linkage isslidably mounted upon either the opposite edges of the informationrestricting plate or of the answer restricting plate. After the studenthas recorded his responses upon the blank writing web 152 in response tothe interrogatories posed by the image shown through the informationviewer plate 146 by means of the photographic projector 132, he thenslides the restricter plate downwardly in its guides 162 by means of ahandle operator 176". The linkage rods 1,64 are arranged to slide inslots in either side of the information viewer plate 166. Abutments 172are provided for the slots on either side of the information viewerplate 161i and are contacted by the pivot pins of the links 164. Thereciprocal motion is transferred by means of the linkage pair to theanswer restricting plate 166, and it is thereby moved downwardly.Immediately after the downward motion of the answer restricting platehas begun switch 174 is actuated by the plate and this then causes theblank writing web which has been written upon by the student and whichis now under the information restricting plate to be reeled upon powerdriven wheel 138 by means of an electrical signal switched on by 174traveling through lassociated conductor 176 through the synchronous unit140 and the power transmission line 178 to the motor 136. The studentequipment'134 and 144A are caused to operate.

then may view the answer to the question which he has just answered inthe answer Viewing portion of lthe information viewer plater146. Uponreturning'therin formation viewer plate 16.0 to its upwardrnost positionand also continuing the motion until the answer viewing plate hascovered the answer portion of the viewer plate the switch 174 is againactuated and the signal is carried to synchronous unit 14)v which thenoperates the projector 13.2 for advancing the programmed sequence to thenext frame of material. In this modiication if the instructions. andinformation given to the student learner require auditory'signals at aproper frame or frames in the photographic sequence. 'a marlg upon thatframe or frames may trigger an electrical response through thesynchronous unit 140 sothat the auditory This auditory signal may eithercome from an independent source contained in housing 134 or may be asound track upon the lrn used.

It is also to be noted that if a movie type sequenceV of frames isdesired to be shown a suitable mark upon the sequence of materials maytrigger an electrical circuit to cause the projector 13 2 to go intomotion type movement.

It should be here pointed out that the instant teaching machine ischeat-free7 in that the student learner does not have an opportunity tochange his response to the information presented after viewing theprogrammatically correct answer.

Referring now to FGURE 4, the teaching machine shown therein is amodication of the teaching machine shown in FIGURE 3 andconsists of ahousing 136|, a siidably removable. photographic lm projector 132,auditory equipment 134 and a motor 136 for powering the blank vwe btalreup reel 13S. A synchronous unit 140 is provided for coordinatingthe related functions of the various components. A support 142 may beprovided for containing some of the components as described in thediscussion of FIGURE 3. A loudspeaker 144 is, of course, provided forauditory equipment 134.

Y A reiiecting surface 145 is positioned within the housing so that thephotographic image of the information to be presented to the studentlearner may be relected onto the undersurface of information viewerplate 146 and then through the blank web of; writing material 152. Theinformation viewing plate 146 is positioned on the undersurface ofinclined writing surface 148 and is positioned Within or immediatelybelow the opening 150 and is retained thereby through brackets 154.

The web of writing material 152 is contained in unused form on reel 158and is caused to reel'upon the top powered'reell:

An information'viewer plate 160-is slidably mounted within a slidingtrack 162 and also has Van answer restricting portion 166 at the lowerend thereof. The information restricting plate is provided with a handleoperator 170 by which the student learner may slide the informationrestricting plate in the sliding brackets 162'.

In titte-*positionl shown theinforrnatit'inv may be transmittedl tothestudent through the information Lviewer plate 14.6 and he may thenrecord his responses to the interrogatories posed therein.interrogatories and wishes now to view the program.- maticallycorrect'answer which is restricted from his view byanswer restrictingplatel 166he pushes the handle 17! upwardly and immediately upon motionthere-o switch 174 is actuated' which reels the portion of the blankwriting web upon which Vthe student has transcribedV h is responsesunder the information restricting plate and' the housing at 176. Thestudent may then view the pirogrraminatically correct `answer as thepresented intelligence remains upon the return o f the informationrestricting plate, 16.0., to rest position whereby the answer is againcovered and the. switch 174. then causesv the program-v matic sequenceto be. changedtq the. next frame. The possibility 0f the Student kemersheeting 0.11 .the teaching When he has completed the machine byuncovering the answer portion by returning the plate 165 almost to restposition and recording his. answer upon the blank writ-ing web isobviated by having the student draw a heavy line on the blank Writingweb immediately at the beginning of the sequence of presentation of thelearning,k material which. thereby prevents. his skipping a space andthen recording his answer after the Writing webv has already reeledunder the housing portion 176. Of course, this method of cheatprevention is validI on any. modification of the machines.

T oy provide the student with the availability of a rerun of all or aportion of the sequence, a rerun switch 179. may be provided. -v

It is to be noted that this. modiiication ofthe teaching invention maybe battery powered by batteries as weil as outside electrically poweredfrom conventional current lines. The machine is completely automatic inoperation. and mail. be provided with an accessopening to change thereels 138 and 158 and the reel supports therein may. be spring. mountedas aforementionedl for ease in mountine. andshansins.

The same' seguencingof thelearning material and correspending auditory.equipment may be carried out in this modification as was described inconnection with the teaching machine of FIGURE 3.

Referring'to FIGURE 5p, the structure shown therein is a top plan, Viewoff( the inclined writing surface of FIGURE, 3. The information viewerplate 146 is posi-w tioned conveniently upon the, inclined writ-ingsurface 148 in theopening v150 and is Supported therein bybracletsp1'54. The blanlrweb of writing material 152 is supported b ythe. brackets '154.upon the inclinedsurfaces 156 of FIGURE 3. The blankweb. of Writing material reels onto power driven reel 138` fromstoragereel 158. The first of these two reels is powered by. means Qf3.1.1 er mQtQr 1&6- The devicfisprovded with. an information restrictingplate 16.0, which is slidably @Quilted Within the. guides' 1.6.2. andYhas depending from either or both of the sides thereof powertransmitting links 164. which are attached atVv their opposite. ends to.the. answer. restricting, plate 16.6. which is. mounted. in bracket 168.onthe underside. of the writing surface 14.3..` The informationrestricting plate 1 60A is providedwitha handle.. Operator 17.0 forreciprocating the Same within the guides 1.6.2..- The. Power links 164are. sldaby mounted within slot 171H andV there arey abutrnents 172 at.both @mit 2f the. SlQtS .S0 that Whentlie. links. 16.4 Contact these.@violents they are, Caused to transmit motion t0'. the answerrestricting plate toV move it to and from rjest position. In the figure.shownuthe information restricting plate. 1605211.14111@ answerrestricting plate 1.66.' are. Shown in` the position at which thestudent mayrecord his re. Stoas t9' the intelligence protected. throughthe infor.- mation viewer plate 146 onto the blank web of writingmaterial 152. When; the student desires to go onA to the next frame ofthe learningl sequence he then slides the! information restricting plate160 down on the inclined writing surface 148J by means ofj handleoperator 170.. 'When the power transmitting links 164 contact the upperabutment 1,72 on either side of the information restricting plate themotion is then transmittedl to the answer restricting plate 166.Immediately after this answer" rest-ricti'ngl plate has begun to` moveoutv of restrictingposi tion` the switch 174 is actuated* so that theportionzof' the.- blank WritingA web which the student has used to mairehis answer on is reeled back up' into the machine, on reel 1.138. Afterthe student. hasV hadran opportunity to read the programmatically.correct answer he" then. slides the informali@ restricting plateupwardly by means of the handie operator 17d-.land in doing Sothe baclcabutments 17,2v contact `the lihlis 16.4;which; are free. forslidingmovement within the inclinedfwriting. surface by meansf ofslots.4 1.65.1therein. Y 'Ehelswitch-174 is. again actuated as theanswer restricting plate 166 passes thereover so that the neigt;l frame;of materiai isf presentedj to the-.- student for his responses. It is tobe noted that the correct answer to this frame is covered up at the timewhich the frame is shown to the student so that the student never hasthe opportunity to look at the answer and then write his responsesthereto.

The reels 158 and 138 may be provided with spring supports 178 so as toprovide for ease in changing and removing them.

FIGURE a shows a detailed View of the answer restricting plate 166 andits contact with the switch 174. A spring member175 is provided on theundersurface of 166 so that the switching means of switch 174 isactuated both on the downward and upward motion of answer restrictingplate 166.

FIGURE 6 shows a cross section of FIGURE 5 on the section line 6-6 andshows the relative positioning of the information restricting plate 160and its associated guides 162 in relation to the inclined writingsurface 148 and the information viewing plate 146. The blank web ofwriting material 152 is shown immediately overlying the informationviewer plate and being reeled upon the upper reel 138.

Keyboard Variation The keyboard variation of this teaching machine isherein illustrated by reference to the specific example of a typewriter.Such a typewriter is designed to be used with a programmed re-usableinformation web which is in the form of a strip of paper or likematerial having the dimensional characteristics compatible with thewidth of the carriage of the particular typewriter in use. Thisinformation web may be used for inscribing information andinterrogatories upon or may be used for inscribing a programmed sequenceof typing materials by which the student may compare the preparedprogram with his own typing immediately after recording the same.

The latter use of this variation of the teaching machine is bestaccomplished by recording upon the information web a series of lettersand/ or numerals or other symbols in a typed form. This information webis then covered on the keyboard side of the typewriter roller by a blankweb of writing material so that the student does not see the typedmaterial until after he is required to type the same material upon theblank web but immediately after so typing each portion the student hasexposed into view the programmatically correct typed material which isrecorded on the information web underlying the blank writing web uponwhich he is typing. In this way the student obtains immediate feedbackof errors and correct responses which is critical for learning.

It is contemplated that in the use of this typing machine the studentwill type from either pre-printed or auditory programs of instruction.This material will have the same terms and symbols as the typewritten orprinted letters and/or numerals recorded upon the information web.Effective use of this modification of the teaching machine may beobtained when learning material is presented in an auditory fashion sothat the student can see his typing superimposed over the correctlytypewritten material immediately upon typing the auditory information.This use of the typewriter variation is particularly important inteaching typists, secretaries and stenographers to type 14 typing isimmediately recorded, i.e., incorrect letter, 'numeral, or symbol usage,spacer bar error, punctuation and capitalizing errors.

Referring now to FIGURES 7, 8 and 9 the typewriter variation of theteaching machine shown therein is a standard mechanical or electricaltypewriter in all respects other than the carriage of the machine ormore specifically the roller and the knobs actuating the roller. Thusthe teaching machine may be manufactured as a complete machine or in anaddition kit form. In addition tothis change in the standard machineequipment there is an addition of a template which remains stationaryrelative to the base of the typewriter and is attached thereto and isdesigned to slide under a transparent surface of the typewriter rollerso that light from an interior light source may be propagated from theinterior of the roll onto a specified portion of the roller wherebytypewritten material on the information web is transmitted through theblank writing web so that the student sees such written materialimmediately after he has typed the same.

Referring now to FIGURE 7 a fixed U-shaped template 180 is shown. Thistemplate is fixed relative to the base 182 of the typewriter 183 andextends outwardly to the right of the typewriter a suiiicient distanceso that the typewriter may be indexed at the left hand side of thepaper.

The roller 181 which is specially designed to receive the template 180is best shown in FIGURE 9 wherein the template 180 enters the undersideof the rotatable transparent roller sleeve 184 which is mounted oncarriage 185. The template is also positioned on the inside surface ofthe lixed core of the roller 186 by longitudinal brackets 188. Core 186is provided with a longitudinal slot 187 therein at the level at whichthe typewriter keys strike.

FIGURE 8 shows the modication of the standard carriage structure whichpermits core 186 to remain stationary with respect to the carriage andthe roller sleeve eiiiciently and quickly from dictaphones or similardevices 184 to be rotatable thereabout. A gear housing 190 is providedbetween roller knob 192 and the roller 181. The roller core 186 isrigidly attached to the interior of gear housing 190 by conductor rods194 and the gear housing 190 is then rigidly attached to the carriage185 so that the core remains stationary to the carriage and reciprocatestherewith. The core may be rigidly attached to a gear housing at eitherone or both of the ends of the roller.

As the core 186 is rigidly attached to a member between the roller andthe roller knob a bypassing gearing system must be employed. Such asystem is shown by connecting roller knob 192 and associated spindle 195with pinion gear 196 which in turn is enmeshed with idler gear 198 whichis supported by spindle 199. A cylindrical gear 200 is positionedbetween idler gear 198 and sleeve roller gear 202 so that power may betransmitted to the latter by means of the former. Cylindrical gear 200is attached relative to the carriage by a suitable bracket such assupport bracket 204. Sleeve roller gear 202 is designed to be on annulargear but the only requirement at the left side is that it has a centralopening suiicient for conductor rod 194 to pass through while the rightside gear must be annular to permit the passage of the templatetherethrough.

Likewise, the gearing system as well as the supporting structure may bepositioned on one or both sides of the roller. Y

To fulfill the function of allowing the material recorded upon theinformation web to be visually displayed through the blank typewritingweb a light source such as a iiuorescent, neon, or elongatedincandescence bulb 206 is arranged in the'roller core 186 and issupported therein by means of insulating spiders 208 at either endthereof and has a socket housing 210 rigidly connected to the spiders208 for conducting electrical current to the bulb 206. The conductorrods 194 provide electrical conductors 17 ication of the typewritervariation shown in FIGURES 7 through 9 and particularly the modicationshown in FIGURES 10 through 1l is the modification shown wherein apivotable template 240 is rotatably mounted upon the conductor rods 194at either end of the roller so that the template may be swung into andout of covering position of the slot 187 whereby the light source 2domay be continuously lighted and the template withdrawn from coveringposition at the extreme left hand portion of the carriage movement sothat an effect exactly simi lar to that described to the modification ofFIGURES 10 through 11 will be observed by the student. In thismodiication template arms 242 are provided which are in pivotableconnection with the conductor rod through pivot member 244. Connected toan end of these members 244twithin the gear housing 19u is a solenoidlever 245 which is pivotally connected at the outer end thereof to asolenoid rod 248 which is operated by means of solenoid 259. l

As this solenoid 250 is only intended to operate when the carriage is inthe extreme left hand position on the typewriter base a similar pair ofspring contacts or spring fingers are arranged in a slot 234 between thecarriage and the base of the typewriter as was described in El URE 1l.Whene these spring lingers 252 and 254 contact one another the solenoid256i is caused to operate whereby the described etfect is accomplished.

In order to operate the modification of FIGURES l2 and 13 a series oftracks must be provided on the undersurface of the carriage which arethen in contact with electrical brushes which are connected to the baseof the typewriter and are then in electrical contact with the electricalsource 216. The first of these electrical tracks is track 256 whichelectrically contacts the light source socket 2113 by conductor member212 and conductor rod 194 at one end of the roller. Electrical track 258serves the duel function of carrying electrical current to theelectrical socket 2.11? on the other side of the roller and provides oneside of the solenoid coil with electrical contact to the battery source216. Electrical tracks 25o and 25S are connected respectively byelectrical brushes 26d and 262 to the battery source 216. The other endof the solenoid coil 23@ is connected to electrical track 264 which isthen contacted by electrical brush 266 which is connected to one of thespring fingers 252, in this instance the spring linger is connected tothe base of the typewriter. The depending spring linger 2511 which isdisposed at the right hand side of the carriage is then connected byconnector 268 to an electrical track 270 which is contacted byelectrical brush 272 and is in electrical contact with the batterysource 216 so that when the two spring lingers contact current iscarried from one side of the battery or electrical source through thesolenoid 25) then through the other of the electrical tracks andelectrical brushes to the other side of the battery or electricalsource. In this manner the described actuation of the template 249 iscaused to occur.

FIGURES 14 and 15 illustrate a more automatic type of operation andsomewhat more complicated structure to perform the type-Writinginstruction function of the instant teaching machine. In these Figuresthe roller 181 and the base 182 of the typewriter 133 are essentiallysimilar to the same components which were described in relation toFIGURES 7 through 9. In the first described typewriter variation thetemplate was rigidly lixed with respect to the typewriter carriage. Inthe modification shown in FIGURES 14 and 15 the template 28@ isconstructed of a tlexible opaque strip material whereby it may be rolledupon a reel 282 bracketed to the base of the typewriter 1&2. The rollerend of the exible template 284 is designed to slidably engagetherinterior of the roller core 13o so as to cover that portion of theslot 187 to the right of the key striking position and is supported forthis purpose by brackets 1%. Connected to the end 234 of the exibletemplate is a helical spring 2do disposed within the interior of theroller core and disposed about the periphery of the longitudinallydisposed light source (as best shown in FlGURE l5). This helical springis connected to and utilizes as a reaction surface the right handinsulator spider 2% so that the spring is in tension and increases intension as the end 2M is pulled toward the right hand side of the roller131. As the ilexible template is so'moved across slot 187 anincreasingly longer length of that slot is exposed so that the lightsource which is in continuous operation propagates light through theslot and through the information sheet so as to shadow transferinformation upon that sheet onto and through the blank writing web sothat the students typed wording may be compared with that on theinformation sheet to provide the aforementioned comparison learningvalue.

in order that the flexible template 289 may be rolled upon the reel 282and conveniently stored a guide ZSS is employed which is connected tothe roller core at the rignthand side thereof and serves to transfer theflexible template from the plane represented by the slot 187 into theplane necessary for it to engage the reel 282.

The powering means and `storing means for the flexible template is shownin FXGURES 16 and 17 and consists of the reel 2252 which is supported bya pair of brackets 29) upon the side of the typewriter base 182.

ln order that the flexible template 2% may be reeled onto the reel 282as the carriage moves to the left on the typewriter a positive drivemeans is provided so that the template may be wound up against thetension of the helical spring 285. Such a drive means is shown as 292which consists of a reciprocating rack 294 which is connected within theinterior of the typewriter to a suitable reciprocating element by whichcontinuous reciprocal motion is available for actuation of the rack 294.The rack 2% extends through the typewriter base 182 by means of slot296. Therack 294 engages pinion gear 298 which then transmits power tothe sleeve 3% which is rotatably mounted within one of the brackets 299.Connected to the other side of this sleeve is a ratchet gear 302 whichhas internal ratchet teeth 364. Rotatably connected to a plug 3% whichis rigidly alixed to the interior of the sleeve 300 is the spindle 3%which rotatably supports the reel 282 within the plug 3% and hence inrotating engagement with the bracket 290. The other end of the spindle3dS is also in rotating contact with the other bracket 2% except that adamper coil spring 319 is rigidly connected by one end thereof to thespindle 3418 and is connected to at the other end thereof to springhousing 312 which is in rigid contact with the bracket 290 so thatdamping effect is provided for the template 280 whereby the helicalspring 286 which is a stronger spring than is 31@ will not impact theroller end of the template against the left hand side of the slot 187when the template is unwound from the reel 282.

ln order to transmit power between the internal ratchet teeth 304 andthe reel spindle 308 a ratchet member 314 is provided which is springbiased outwardly and pivotally connected to the spindle 3118. Whereby asthe rack 294- is reciprocated the template 2S@ will be reeled upon reel282 by means of a power transmitted to ratchet 314. ln order that duringthe non-powering stroke of the rack the reel is not reversed the sameamount it has just proceeded in a winding direction by means of thehelical spring 286 pulling the template from the reel a catch means 316is connected to the typewriter oase 2t2 and does not reciprocate withthe rack 294. This catch means inacts upon the reel 282 by means ofitting in the notches 318 disposed around the periphery thereof.

ln order to permit spring 286 to return the template 280 to the lefthand side of the roller core the rack 294 must be cleared from contactwith the pinion gear 298 and for this purpose a cam member 320 isprovided which is actuated by the initial movement by the carriage tothe right. It is to be noted that the cam member 32@ clears both therack 294 and the catch means 3io from engagement with the pinion gearand the reel respectively.

vThe gearing system 292 above described is only representative of agearing system which could be employed to reel the template 280 into acompact housing to avoid the possible objection to the rigid U-shapedtemplate shown in FIGURE 7.

The winding of the template upon the reel 282 may be controlled withrespect to the spring constants of the two springs 2&6 and 3 1@ wherebythe roller end of the template is maintained at all times at the keystriking position of the movable carriage 185 so that the describedfunction results.

While the invention has been described, it will be understood that it iscapable of further modifications and this application is intended tocover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following ingeneral, the principles of the invention andincluding such departuresfrom the present disclosure as come within known or customary practicein the art to which the invention pertains, and as may be applied to theessential features hereinbetore set forth and as fall within the scopeof the invention or the limits of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention what l claim is:

1. A recording machine for allowing a respondent to record responses topresented intelligence, said machine comprising a nonrotatable housingwith an opening therein, a light transmission means covering saidopening, light propagation means within said housing for propagatinglight through said light transmission means, said housing openingrestricting 4the light transmitted to a small proportional area of saidhousing, a recordation web yfor allowing a respondent to recordresponses thereon, said recordation web positioned to receive light fromsaid propagation means, an intelligence presenting web positioned in thebeam from said light propagation means, said propagation means providingfor transmission of intelligence from said intelligence web andproviding for transmission of said recorded responses from saidrecordation web to provide for viewing by 4a respondent, and controlmeans for controlling the presentation of a portion of said presentedintelligence independently of variation Of Said light propagation means,said control means operable independently of movement of saidintelligence presenting web with respect to said light propagatianmeans, whereby a respondent may view said presented intelligence andsaid recorded responses within the images of one another.

2'. A recording machine including a nonrotatable housing having anopening therein for allowing a respondent to record responses topresented intelligence, comprising a light transmission means coveringsaid opening, light propagation means within said housing forpropagating light through said light transmission means, said housingopening restricting the light transmitted to a small proportional areaof said housing, Ya recordation web for allowing a respondentito recordresponses, said recordation web positioned to the outside of said lighttransmission means to receive light from said propagation means, anintelligence presenting web positioned between said light propagationmeans and said recordation web, said light propagation means providingfor shadow transmission of intelligence from said intelligence webthrough said recordation web, and control means for controlling thepresentation of a portion of said presented intelligence independentlyof variation of said light propagation means, said control meansoperable independently of movement of said intelligence presenting webwith respect to said light propagation means, whereby a respondent mayview said presented intelligencethrough said recordation web and recordresponses thereto upon said recordation webV therein, a lighttransmission information viewer plate positioned over said opening, amovable light transmitting blank web of writing material positioned tothe outside of said viewer plate, means for moving said web relative tosaid viewer plate, an intelligence image projecting means for projectingan intelligenceimage upon the undersurface of said blank webcomprised-of an intelligence web and a light propagation means, controlmeans in said machine for controlling the presentation of a portion ofsaid presented intelligence independently of variation of said lightpropagation means, said control means operable independently of movementof said intelligence web with respect to said light propagation means,and said housing opening restricting the lightttransmitted to a smallproportional area or" said housing, whereby a respondent may view theintelligence image through said blank web of writing material and mayrecord thereupon within said image his responses to Vsuch intelligence.

4. A teaching machine for presenting intelligence comprised ofprogrammed information and interrogatories and correct answers for theinterrogatories to a student learner comprising, a housing having anopening therein, a light transmitting intelligence viewer platepositioned over said opening, a movable light transmitting blank web ofwriting material positioned above the upper surface of said viewerplate, means for moving said web relative to said viewer plate, anintelligence image projecting means for projecting an intelligence imageupon the undersurface of said blank web when it is above said viewerplate, and control means for controlling the presentation of a portionof said presented intelligence independently of variation of saidintelligence image projecting means, whereby a student learner may viewthe intelligence image through said blankV web of writing material andmay record upon said blank Web within said image his responses t0 suchinformation and' interrogatories.

5. A teaching machine for presenting information, interrogatories andassociated answers to student learners and for permitting recordation ofresponses to thesame comprising, a housing having an opening therein, alight transmitting information viewer plate positioned within saidopening, a movable light transmitting blank web of writing materialpositioned above the upper surface of said viewer plate while in slidingcontact therewith, means for moving said web relative to said viewerplate, an information image projecting means for projecting aninformation, interrogatory and associated answer image through saidviewer plate, an information restricting plate slidably mounted uponsaid housingy for slidably covering a portion of said opening and havingan answer restricting portion integrally connected therewith, saidinformation restricting plate and said answer restricting portion beingslidable to alternately restrict the display of an interrogatory imageor its associated answer which are projected simultaneously uponidiierent portions of said blank web and said means for moving said webrelative to said viewer plate operated by the sliding movement of saidrestricting plate to prevent the student from viewing the projectinganswer image and changing his recorded response to agree therewith,whereby said student learner may view said interrogatory image throughVsaid blank web of writing material and may record upon said blank webresponses' to such interrogatories Within the images of the same andthen move said slidable information restricting plate so that theprojected image of the answer associated with said interrogatory isuncovered so that he may have the increased learning value derivablefrom a comparison of the programmatically correct answer with his ownresponse to the interrogatory.

6. A recording machine as dened in claim 3 wherein,

said blank web of writing material is reeled across said viewer plate byreels associated with said housing.

7. A teaching machine as detined in claim 4 wherein,

2l said blank web of writing material is wound onto and unwound fromreels associated with said housing.

8. A teaching machine for presenting information, interrogatories andassociated answers to a student learner comprising a housing having anopening therein, a light transmission information viewer platepositioned over said opening, a light transmitting blank web of writingmaterial movable above the upper surface of said viewer plate while insliding contact therewith, reels for storing said web of Writingmaterial and for moving the same above said viewer plate, a projectingmeans for projecting an information image upon the undersurface of saidblank web when it is above said viewer plate, an information restrictingplate reciprocably associated with said housing to provide a cover forsaid opening and having an answer restricting portion integrallyconnected therewith, said information restricting plate adapted formanual sliding motion, said infomation' plate driving at least one ofsaid reels during one direction of reciprocation thereof so that saidblank web of writing material is reeled onto said reel as saidinformation restricting plate and said answer restricting plate aremoved, whereby a student learner may View the information image throughSaid blank web of writing material and may record within saidinformation image upon said blank web his responses thereto and may thenslidably move said information restricting plate in such a manner thatthe associated answer is uncovered so the student learner will have thelearning value derivable from a comparison of the programmaticallycorrect answer immediately after recording his own response thereto andby moving said information viewer plate so that such answer isuncovered, the portion of the blank web of writing material which hasbeen used by the student will be reeled into said housing upon said oneof said reels.

9. A teaching machine for presenting information and interrogatorieswith associated answers to student learners comprising a housing havingan opening therein, a light transmitting information viewer platepositioned within said opening, a light transmitting blank web ofwriting material positioned to move relative to the upper surface ofsaid viewer plate and in sliding contact therewith, said blank web ofwriting material being unreeled from a reel across said upper surface ofsaid viewer plate and roller onto a driven reel rotatably connected tosaid housing, an information restricting plate reciprocably mounted uponsaid housing over said opening and having integral therewith an answerrestricting portion and a toothed rack, a rotatable pinion wheelennieshed with said toothed rack, said pinion wheel rotatably mountedwithin said housing and having internal ratchet teeth integraltherewith, said driven reel mounted in housing and having anoutwardlyspring biased pawl attached at the flange portion thereof,

said pawl arranged to react against the internal ratchet teeth of saidpinion wheel so that motion of said rack is imparted to said reelthrough said pinion wheel during one direction of motion and said reelbeing non-rotatable by said ratchet teeth during the opposite directionof motion, an information image projecting means for projecting aninformation image and an associated answer image upon the undersurfaceof said blank web when it is above said viewer plate, said informationrestricting plate being slidable in one direction so that said answerrestricting portion is simultaneously slidable to uncover the image ofsaid answer, wherebythe student may view the programmatically correctanswer to such interrogatories immediately after having recorded hisresponses to the interrogatories projected by sliding said informationrestricting plate in one direction which simultaneously causes saidratchet teeth to engage said pawl to rotate said driven reel causingsaid blank web of writing material which has been used by the student tobe reeled out of view so that the student may not change his responsesto agree with said programmatically correct answer, an-d a switchingmeans operated by said information restricting plate when Z2 said answerrestricting portion returns to answer covering position for causing saidprojecting device to present a new item to the student learner.

li). A teaching machine for presenting information, interrogatories andassociated answers to a student learner comprising a housing having anopening therein, a light transmitting information viewer platepositioned within said opening, a light transmitting blank web ofwriting material movable above the upper surface of said viewer plate, adriven reel for moving said blank web of writing material relative tosaid viewer plate, a reel for storing the unused portion of said blankweb of writing material rotatably associated within said housing, aphotographic projector for projecting a film frame image of informationor an interrogatory and associated answer onto the blank web of Writingmaterial into view of the student learner, at least one reflectingsurface for changing the line of propagation of said projected image, aninformation restricter plate slidably mounted upon said housing oversaid opening and having associated therewith an answer restricting platepositioned to cover the image of the associated answer when saidinformation plate is at rest position, a rack and pinion gearing systemfor moving said driven reel, said rack of said system integrallyattached to said slidable information restricting plate, said piniongear of said system rotatably mounted within said housing, said piniongear having ratchet teeth on the inner surface thereof, an outwardlyspring biased pawl pivotally attached to the flange portion of saiddriven reel, said pawl engageable with reactive surfaces of said ratchetteeth of said pinion gear, a handle operator attached to said in-`formation restricting plate, a switching means associated' with saidhousing and operative by means of said information restricting platereturning to rest position for causing said projector to advance to thenext frame of information; interrogatories and associated answers,whereby when the student learner has completed the responses to theinterrogatories posed by Writing his answers thereto upon vthe blank webof writing material he may move said information restricting plateupward by means of said handle operator, this movement in an upwarddirection causes said rack to move over said pinion gear which in turncauses said ratchet teeth to engage said pawl and rotate said drivenreel, said driven reel then reels said blank web across the surface ofsaid information viewing plate so that the used portion of the writingweb is no longer available to the student for recording his responsesupon, simultaneously with this motion said answer restricting plate ismoved to uncover the answer image projected from said projector so as toprovide the student with the greater learning value derivable therefrom.

11. A teaching machine as deiined in claim l0 wherein said housing isprovided with an opening to permit changing said reels of blank writingmaterial.

l2. A teaching machine for presenting information and interrogatorieswith associated answers to student learners comprising a housing havingtherein an opening, a light transmitting information viewer platepositioned within said `opening and having the outside surface thereofflush with an outer surface of said housing, a light transmitting lankweb of writing material positioned to move above the upper surface ofsaid viewer plate, an information, interrogatory and associated answerinscribed web positioned to move relative to said viewer plate andaligned with the undersurface of said information viewer plate, a lightsource for projecting light through said information viewer plate, saidinformation web of material and said blank web of writing material,whereby information inscribed on said information web is shadowtransmitted through said blank writing web to the view of the studentlearner, an information restricting plate slidably mounted upon saidhousing over said opening and having integral therewith an answerrestricting plate, said answer restricting plate covering the image ofsaid associated answer when said information viewer plate is at restposition, a

relative to said information viewer plate simultaneous with movementofsaid information restricting plate away from rest position, and saidpowering means moving said information web to a new set of informationand interrogatories and associated answer frames upon returning of saidinformation viewer plate to rest position.

13. A teaching machine .as dened in claim l2 wherein said housing isprovided with an opening to permit changing and adjusting said blank webof writing material and said information web.

i4. A teaching machine for presenting information, interrogatories andassociated answers to student learners comprising a housing having anopening therein, a light transmitting information blank web of writingmaterial positioned to move above the upper surface of said viewerplate, a driven reel and a storage reel for moving said web across saidviewer plate and for storing the same in a rolled fashion, aninformation restricting plate slidably mounted upon said housingadjacent said opening and positioned to cover said viewer plate during aportion of the sliding movement thereof; movement transmission linksattached to said information restricting plate by one end thereof forlimited sliding motion, an answer restricting plate slidably mountedwithin said housing adjacent said viewer plate and adapted to cover aportion thereof during one portion of its sliding movement,said powertransmission links pivotally connected to said answer restricting plateby the ends opposite those connected to the information restrictingplate, a handle operator for slidably moving said informationrestricting plate and said answer restricting plate, a spring mountedswitch actuatorfconnected to said answer restricting plate, a switchingmeans mounted within said housing and adapted to be operated by saidswitch actuating means, said switching means operative to control powerinput to said driven reel when first actuated for moving said blank webof writing material above the surface of said viewer plate, aninformation image projecting device positioned to project an informationimage upon the undersurface of said blank web when it is above saidviewer plate, said switching means adapted to control said informationimage projecting device for changing said information image upon beingactivated a second time by said switch activator means, and auditoryinformation producing equipment associated with said. information imageprojecting device for presenting auditory information to said student.

1S. A teaching machine as defined in claim i4 wherein a reliectingsurface is positioned in the projected image line of propagation betweensaid projecting device and said information viewer plate.

16. A teaching machine as donned in claim i4 wherein a rerun switch forcontrolling said projecting device is provided for permitting areviewing of a part or whole of the presented information,interrogatories and associated answers.

17. A recording machine as defined in claim l wherein said recordationweb is-positioned in the beam of light propagation between saidpropagation means and said light transmission means and said recordedresponses are opaque transmitting through said transmission means by thelight beam.

18. An intelligence presenting device for shadow transmitting presentedintelligence having a recordation web associated therewith comprising aninteiligence presenting means, a light propagation means fortransmitting the image of said intelligence onto said recordation web,and control means for controlling the presentation of a portion-of saidintelligence independently of variati-on of said light propagationmeans, said control means operable independently of movement of saidintelligence presenting means with respect to said light propagationmeans.

19. A recording machine as deined inciaim 18 wherein said recordationweb consists of an erasable endless belt, said belt consisting ot aninner and an outer layer,

said belt supported on reels to provide for movement, said outer beltlight transmitting and iexiblc, said inner beit have an adherent outersurface adjacent to said outer belt, whereby impressions of responsesmay be recorded by pressing said outer layer into Contact with saidadherent surface, a separation means disposed between said layers forseparating the same whereby the impressions are erased from said belt topermit continuous use thereof.

20. In a keyboard operated device having a'syrnbol recordation meansassociated therewith the improvement for permitting use of said deviceas a teaching machine comprising a carriage mounted upon said device,said carriage movable relative to said recordation means, a maskingmember connected to said carriage and having an opening disposedtherein, a light transmitting cover means adjacent to the recordationmeans side of said masking member, a light propagation source positionedadjacent the other side of said masking member for propagation of lightthrough said slot, lighticontrol means for controlling propagation oflight from said light source through said opening; said symbolrecordation means having associated therewith a symbol recordation webfor permitting recordation of the operation of said keyboard operateddevice, said recordation web positioned adjacent said cover means andhaving a portion'thereof over said opening, an intelligence presentingweb positioned in the beam of propagated light between said light sourceand said recordation web, whereby intelligence from said intelligencepresenting web may be shadow transmitted through said opening, saidcover means and said recordation web `so'that the operation of saiddevice as indicated by said symbol recordation means upon saidrecordation meansmay be compared with said intelligence.

2l. The improvement of a keyboard operated device for permitting use asa teaching machine as defined in claim 20 wherein said masking member isa hollow cylindrical core and said light transmitting cover means is aresilient cylindrical sleeve rotatably mounted about the outside surfaceof said core.

22. The improvement of a keyboard operated device forpermitting use as ateaching machine as defined in claim 2G wherein said light transmittingcover means is movable relative to said masking member, and a gearingsystem is provided for relative movement of the same.

23. The improvement of a keyboard operated device for permitting use asa teaching machine as defined in claim 20 wherein said recordation weband said intelligence web are embodied in a single sheet of lighttransmitting material.V

24. The improvement of a keyboard operated device for permitting use asa teaching machine as donned in claim 20 wherein said device is providedwith a positioning means for positioning said intelligence web withrespect to said symbol recordation means so that as said device isoperated Vthe recordation ofthe symbols Vfrom said recordation meanscorresponds to the presented `intelligence upon said web.

25. In a keyboard operated device for producing recordation symbols theimprovement for permitting use as a teaching machine comprising aslidable carriage mountedupon said device, at least one gearhousingmounted at an end of said carriage and at least one support membermounted at the other end of Vsaid carriage, a hollow Vcore supported bysaid gear housing on one end and saidsupport member on the other endthereof, a longitudinal slot disposed in said core at the symbolrecording level, a light source disposed within said core, two conductorrods connecting said light source and said core to said gear housing andsaid support member respectively, an electrical power source seriallyconnected between said two conductors rods for operating saidV lightsource, a light transmitting resilient sleeve rotatably mounted upon theoutside surface of said core, a roller knob rotatably secured to saidgear housing, a sleeve gear annularly disposed about the gear housingend of said sleeve, gearing means for driving said sleeve gear throughoperating of said roller knob, and light control means for controllingpropagation of light from said iight source through said slot, wherebyan intelligence web may be placed adjacent said cover sleeve over saidslot and covered with a blank recordation web for recording theoperation of said device to provide for comparison of this operationrelative to symbols inscribed on said intelligence web to permitteaching the correct operation of said device.

26. In a keyboard operated device the improvement as deiined in claim 25wherein, said light control means comprises a U-shaped template attachedby one end thereof to the right side of the base of said device andhaving the other end thereof disposed on the undersurface of said hollowcore and aligned to cover that portion of said core slot which isdisposed to the lright of symbol recording position of said carriage,whereby said carriage may reciprocate relative to said template and saidsleeve is rotatable about the surface of said hollow core.

27. In a keyboard operated device the improvement as deiined in claim 25wherein, said light control means comprises a carriage operated lightswitch serially connected between said light source and said electricalpower source, said light switch operative to turn on said light sourceat a predetermined position of said carriage with respect to saiddevice.

28. In a keyboard operated device the improvement as defined in claim 25wherein the light control means comprises a template disposed withinsaid hollow core, said template arranged for selectively covering saidlongitudinally disposed slot, at least one template arm rotatablysecuring said template to one of said two conductor rods, solenoid meansfor pivotally actuating said template arm, solenoid control means foractuating said solenoid relative to axial movement of said carriage.

29. In a keyboard operated device the improvement as dened in claim 25wherein said light control means comprises a ilexible template disposedon the undersurface of said hollow core to slidably cover portions ofsaid slot, said template having a carriage end and a reel end, saidtemplate being compactly storable at said reel end, a spring systemattached to said template for maintaining said carriage end of saidtemplate at a fixed position with respect to said device independent ofmovement of said carriage.

30. In a keyboard operated device the improvement as defined in claim 25wherein said light control means comprises a flexible template having aportion thereof disposed on the undersurface of said hollow core anddesigned to slidably cover portions of said slot, said template having acarriage end and a reel end, a helical spring longitudinally disposedwithin said hollow core about said light source, said helical springhaving one end thereof iixed relative to said hollow core and the otherend thereof ah'ixed to said carriage end of said template forresiliently urging said carriage end of said template to the left end ofsaid slot, reel means attached to said typewriter base for the reelingof said flexible template into coil-type storage, a reel powering meansfor operating said reel means during the motion of said carriage to theleft side of said typewriter base, and means for releasing said reelpowering means when said carriage is returned to the right side of saidtypewriter base whereby said helical spring may force said flexibletemplate to the right across said hollow core into the slot coveringposition.

3l. A recording machine for allowing a respondent to record responses topresented intelligence, said machine comprising a nonrotatable housingwith an opening'therein, a light transmission means covering saidopening, a light propagation means Within said housing for propagatinglight through said light transmission means, said housing openingrestricting the light transmitted to a small proportional area of saidhousing, a recordation web positioned to receive light from saidpropagation means and for allowing a respondent to record responsesthereon, an

intelligence web for controlling the light propagated from. said lightpropagation means for projection of intelligence images, control meansfor controlling the presentation of a portion of said presentedintelligence independently of variation of said light propagation means,said control means operable independently of movement of saidintelligence web with respect to said light propagation means, and saidlight propagation means transmitting through said light transmissionmeans for transmission of intelligence images and for transmission ofsaid recorded responses from said recordation web to provide for viewingby a respondent, 'whereby a respondent may view said presentedintelligence and said recorded responses with the images of one another.

32. A recording machine as defined in claim 31 Wherein, said lightpropagation means consists of a tape operative television projector andsaid intelligence web consists of a video-tape for operating saidprojector.

33. A recording machine for allowing a respondent to record responses topresented intelligence within the image of the intelligence comprising,an intelligence presenting means, a recordation means for allowing arespondent to record responses to the presented intelligence, a lightpropagation means for combining for viewing by a respondent the imagesof the intelligence and the recorded responses, and a control. means forcontrolling the presentation of a portion of said intelligenceindependently of Variation of said light propagation means, said controlmeans operable independently of movement of said intelligence presentingmeans with respect to said light propagation means.

34. A teaching machine for presenting programmed intelligence consistingof information, interrogatories and correct answers for theinterrogatories and for allowing a student to record responses topresented intelligence within the image of the intelligence comprising,an intelligence presenting means, a recordation means for allowing astudent to record responses to presented intelligence, a lightpropagation means for combining for viewing by a student the images ofthe intelligence and the recorded responses, and control means forcontrolling the presentation of a portion of said presented intelligenceindependently of variation of said light propagation means, said controlmeans operable independently of movement of said intelligence presentingmeans with respect to said light propagation means.

35. Arecording machine for allowing a respondent to record responses topresented intelligence within the image of the intelligence, saidmachine having a light source therein, comprising a rst means forpresenting intelligence, a second means for recording responses to saidintelligence for viewing within the image of the presented`intelligence, and a third means for controlling the presentation of aportion of said intelligence independently of variation of said lightsource, said third means operable independently of movement of saidiirst means with respect to said light source.

36. In a recording machine for allowing a respondent to record responsesto presented intelligence withinthe image of the intelligence, saidmachine having a light propagation means, intelligence presenting meansand an exposed recordation web, the improvement comprising means forpositioning said intelligence presenting means and said recordation webin the path of light from said light propagation means to superimposethe images thereof for viewing within the image of one another, andcontrol means for controlling the presentation of a portion of saidintelligence independently of Variation of said light propagation means,said control means operable independently of movement of saidintelligence presenting means with respect to said light propagationmeans.

37. In a teaching machine for presenting intelligence comprised ofinformation, interrogatories and correct answers for theinterrogatories, said machine having light propagation means,intelligence presenting means and an

1. A RECORDING MACHINE FOR ALLOWING A RESPONDENT TO RECORD RESPONSES TOPRESENTED INTELLIGENCE, SAID MACHINE COMPRISING A NONROTATABLE HOUSINGWITH AN OPENING THEREIN, A LIGHT TRANSMISSION MEANS COVERING SAIDOPENING, LIGHT PROPAGATION MEANS WITHIN SAID HOUSING FOR PROPAGATINGLIGHT THROUGH SAID LIGHT TRANSMISSION MEANS, SAID HOUSING OPENINGRESTRICTING THE LIGHT TRANSMITTED TO A SMALL PROPORTIONAL AREA OF SAIDHOUSING, A RECORDATION WEB FOR ALLOWING A RESPONDENT TO RECORD RESPONSESTHEREON, SAID RECORDATION WEB POSITIONED TO RECEIVE LIGHT FROM SAIDPROPAGATION MEANS, AN INTELLIGENCE PRESENTING WEB POSITIONED IN THE BEAMFROM SAID LIGHT PROPAGATION MEANS, SAID PROPAGATION MEANS PROVIDING FORTRANSMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE FROM SAID INTELLIGENCE WEB AND PROVIDINGFOR TRANSMISSION OF SAID RECORDED RESPONSES FROM SAID RECORDATION WEB TOPROVIDE FOR VIEWING BY A RESPONDENT, AND CONTROL MEANS FOR CONTROLLINGTHE PRESENTATION OF A PORTION OF SAID PRESENTED INTELLIGENCEINDEPENDENTLY OF VARIATION OF SAID LIGHT PROPAGATION MEANS, SAID CONTROLMEANS OPERABLE INDEPENDENTLY OF MOVEMENT OF SAID INTELLIGENCE PRESENTINGWEB WITH RESPECT TO SAID LIGHT PROPAGATION MEANS, WHEREBY A RESPONDENTMAY VIEW SAID PRESENTED INTELLIGENCE AND SAID RECORDED RESPONSES WITHINTHE IMAGES OF ONE ANOTHER.